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Abstract@#With the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity in children, the influence of overweight and obesity on pubertal timing has attracted the attention of scholars. This paper reviewed the correlation and mechanism between childhood obesity and pubertal timing, especially for earlier pubertal timing, and found that the regulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis function by nutrition and metabolic signals might under lie those associations. Obesity in girls was positively correlated with early pubertal timing, while the conclusions in boys were inconsistent. Overweight in boys was related to early pubertal timing, obesity in boys could lead to both earlier and later onset of puberty, which warrents further investigation.
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Objective@#To explore body mass index (BMI) changes among children and adolescents in Suzhou before and after COVID-19 outbreak, and to provide a reference for improving physical health of children and adolescents.@*Methods@#A total of 569 children and adolescents who had complete BMI information in 2019 were enrolled through stratified cluster sampling from June to July, 2020. Questionnaire survey was conducted, and height and weight were measured to calculate BMI and BMI Z scores.@*Results@#After the epidemic, overweight/obesity rate were 32.0%, compared to 31.6% before the epidemic(χ 2=0.07, P>0.05). Difference of BMI Z scores before (0.37±1.28) and after (0.38±1.27) the epidemic did not show statistically significant (t=-0.28, P>0.05), No significant changes in BMI Z score were found before and affer COVID-19 outbreak similar results were observed (P>0.05), BMI Z scores after the epidemic (0.45±1.32) was higher than it before the epidemic (0.37±1.35) among primary school group (t=2.57, P=0.01), while BMI Z scores after the epidemic (0.27±1.17) was lower than it before the epidemic (0.39±1.18) among middle school group (t=-4.29, P<0.01). Proportion of sweet food consumption and outdoor activities was statistically different before and after the epidemic(P>0.05), proportion of sugar-sweetened beverages consumption and fried food intake were statistically different before and after the epidemic (P<0.05), sleep time after the epidemic (8.52±1.83)h was higher than it before the epidemic (8.05±1.70)h (t=4.96, P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Before and after COVID-19 outbreak, BMI and overweight/obesity rates are significantly different among children and adolescents in Suzhou, and there is a slight difference in different studying phases.
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Objective@#To investigate the influencing factors for myopia among primary and secondary school students in Suzhou, so as to provide basis for myopia prevention and control. @*Methods@#The students in Grade 4-12 were recruited by stratified cluster random sampling method. Gender, grade, parents＇ myopia history, outdoor activity time and video display terminal time were collected through the questionnaire of National Surveillance Program of Influencing Factors for Common Diseases and Health in Students. Uncorrected visual acuity and cycloplegic refraction were tested. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to explore myopia-related factors.@*Results@#A total of 990 questionnaires were distributed, and 882 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective rate of 89.09%. The prevalence rate of myopia was 78.23% ( 690 cases ). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that females ( OR=1.703, 95%CI: 1.173-2.474 ) , middle school students ( OR:5.597-11.949, 95%CI: 3.573-28.349 ) , both parents＇myopia ( OR=2.445, 95%CI: 1.597-3.742 ) , video display terminal time over 3 hours per day ( OR=2.026, 95%CI: 1.235-3.325 ) were risk factors for myopia; outdoor activity time over 2 hours per day ( OR: 0.493-0.510, 95%CI: 0.273-0.943 ) was a protective factor for myopia. @*Conclusion@#The prevalence of myopia among primary and secondary school students in Suzhou is 78.23%. Gender, grade, parents＇ myopia history, outdoor activity time and video display terminal time are influencing factors for myopia.
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@#To assess the relationship between high blood pressure (HBP) and body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-height ratio (WHtR) among children and adolescents in Suzhou.@*Methods@#A total of 3 150 children and adolescents aged 7-17 years were enrolled through stratified cluster sampling from September to October, 2019. Questionnaire survey was conducted, and height, weight, WC and BP were measured to calculate BMI and WHtR, relationship of HBP and adiposity indicators were evaluated.@*Results@#The prevalence of HBP was 11.3%, overweight/obesity rate was 28.5%, and centrality obesity based on WC and WHtR was 20.6% and 23.7%, respectively. There were significant relationships between HBP and BMI, WC, and WHtR (χ2=157.80,105.87,124.17,P<0.01). As Logistic regression showed, compared to normal weight group, overweight/obesity based on BMI had positive relation with HBP (OR=3.89, 95%CI=3.09-4.90); compared to normal WC/WHtR, centrality obesity showed positive association with HBP (WC: OR=3.05, 95%CI=2.41-3.86; WHtR: OR=3.35, 95%CI=2.67-4.21). Meanwhile, BMI had joint effects on HBP with WC/WHtR. Specifically subjects with overweight/obesity and center obesity had higher risk of HBP, compared to normal BMI and WC subjects(OR=4.28, 95%CI=3.31-5.53).@*Conclusion@#Significant relationships between HBP and BMI, WC, and WHtR were found. BMI had joint effects on HBP with WC/WHtR. Keeping normal body weight and WC/ WHtR would have significant effects on HBP.
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Objective@#To analyze the teaching environment of primary, middle and high schools in Suzhou, and to explore the relevance of students’ myopia with teaching environment, as well as the key problems in teaching environment.@*Methods@#1 253 classrooms in 204 schools rom 10 districts and counties in Suzhou were selected by proportionate stratified sampling. The qualified rate of each indices was described and the teaching environment by county, learning stage were compared by using chi-squared test. The Spearman test is used to explore correlations between myopia with monitoring indicators.@*Results@#The qualified rate of the distance from lamp to table was the highest (98.56%), while matching rate of student desk and chair was the lowest(0.96%). Minimum lamp table spacing, blackboard average illumination, reflectance from blackboard wall, classroom per capita area, classroom microclimate differed significantly in urban and rural (P<0.05); daylighting coefficient, reflectance from walls, average illumination of desktop and blackboard, classroom per capita area, and microclimate indicator were statistically different by learning stages(r=0.42,P<0.05). Prevalence of myopia correlated with the index of lighting.@*Conclusion@#Qualified desks and matched chairs, as well as the daylighting design in classroom should receive more attention in Suzhou. The findings lend support to identification of key health priorities and formulation of the localized health practice for health administrations.
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Objective@#The current study aimed to determine the prevalence of high blood pressure (HBP) among children and adolescents aged 7-17 years in Suzhou by using different references, and to provide a reference for the application of standard of blood pressure among children.@*Methods@#Data of 6 972 children and adolescents aged 7 to 17 years were collected by stratified cluster random sampling method to determine the prevalence of HBP based on 2017 AAP Guidelines for Childhood Hygertension(America 2017), National Blood Pressure Reference for Chinese Han Children based on Chinese National Survey on Students’ Constitution and Health in 2010 (Ma 2017), blood pressure guidelines based on their investigation in mainland children and adolescents (Mi 2017) and blood pressure guidelines based on data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey during the year of 1999-2009 (CHNS 2013).@*Results@#Referred to Ma 2017 reference, the prevalence of HBP was highest with 12.7%, followed by America 2017 with 16.3%, Mi 2017 with 17.4%, and CHNS2013 with 25.5%. In boys, HBP prevalence based on America 2017 was close to that using Mi 2017 among children younger than 13 years old, and was close to that using Ma 2017 among those≥14 years old. In girls, HBP prevalence based on America 2017 was close to that using Mi 2017 among those≤12 years old, and was close to that using Ma 2017 among those ≥13 years old. Compared with America 2017 reference, kappa value based on Mi 2017 was better than Ma 2017 in boys(0.81, 0.77), opposite result was found in girls(0.86, 0.85). Kappa value were the lowest based on CHNS 2013.@*Conclusion@#The prevalence of HBP among children in Suzhou achieve a high level. Ma 2017, Mi 2017, and CHNS2013 references show different advantages among various gender and age groups.
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<p><b>INTRODUCTION</b>A complex relationship exists between chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) and adverse outcomes among dialysis patients. This study aimed to report the prevalence of CKD-MBD and examine the impact of achieving target CKD-MBD parameters on morbidity and mortality one year after peritoneal dialysis (PD) initiation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In this retrospective cohort study, patients electively initiated on PD were followed up for one year. Laboratory parameters were collected and the prevalence of CKD-MBD 4-6 months after PD initiation was determined based on the Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (KDOQI) and Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines. Linear regression and Cox proportional hazards model were used to evaluate the effects of achieving CKD-MBD targets 4-6 months after PD initiation on hospitalisation, the incidence of peritonitis or exit-site infections (ESIs), and mortality at one year.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The prevalence of CKD-MBD among the 86 patients in this study was 86.0% (KDOQI) and 54.7% (KDIGO). There was no significant difference in hospitalisation duration between patients who achieved targets and those who did not. Patients who failed to meet all the KDIGO CKD-MBD or calcium serum targets had a higher incidence of peritonitis or ESI. A trend toward shorter time to death was observed among patients who failed to meet the KDIGO phosphorus serum targets.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There was moderate (KDIGO) to high prevalence (KDOQI) of CKD-MBD among the patients. Achievement of all the KDIGO CKD-MBD or calcium serum targets was associated with reduced peritonitis or ESI, while achievement of the KDIGO phosphorus serum targets was associated with improved survival.</p>
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Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder , Epidemiology , Kidney Failure, Chronic , Therapeutics , Linear Models , Peritoneal Dialysis , Prevalence , Proportional Hazards Models , Quality Control , Retrospective Studies , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Background & objectives: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a progressive complication in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Although the precise mechanisms of ILD are not fully understood, Th2 cytokines, especially interleukin (IL)-4 may play an important role in the processes of fibrosis. We, therefore, investigated the role of Th2 cytokines, including IL-4, IL-13 and IL-5 in RA patients with or without ILD. Methods: Serum samples were obtained from 63 patients with RA. Among them, 29 RA patients had ILD while the remaining 34 patients were without ILD. The bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) from 11 RA patients with ILD and eight patients without ILD were also collected. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to analyze the levels of IL-4, IL-13 and IL-5 both in serum and in BALF. Results: The levels of IL-4 were increased in the serum and BALF of RA patients with ILD compared with RA patients without ILD. There were no differences in the levels of IL-13 and IL-5 among the different groups. Interpretation & conclusion: The present results indicate that IL-4 seems to play an important role in the development of ILD in patients with RA.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of ginsenoside Rb1 on cerebral infarction volume as well as IL-1 beta in the brain tissue and sera of focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury model rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The I/R rat model was established by using thread according to Zea-Longa. SD rats were randomly divided into five groups, i.e., the sham-operation group, the model group, the low dose ginsenoside Rb1 (20 mg/kg) group, the medium dose ginsenoside Rb1 group (40 mg/kg), and the high dose ginsenoside Rb1 group (80 mg/kg), 12 in each group. Rats in the sham-operation group only received middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) but without thread insertion. The MCAO model was prepared in the rest 4 groups, followed by MCAO2 h later. Ginsenoside Rb1 at each dose was peritoneally administrated to rats in corresponding groups immediately after cerebral ischemia. Equal volume of normal saline was administered to rats in the sham-operation group. Rats' cerebral infarction volume, integrals of neurologic defect degree, expression of IL-1 beta content in the brain tissue and sera were observed 24 h after 2-h cerebral I/R.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the model group, integrals of neurologic defect degree were improved (P < 0.01), IL-1 beta positive cells in the brain tissue increased and serum IL-1 beta content elevated (P < 0.05), when compared with the sham-operation group. In comparison of the model group, integrals of neurologic defect degree were lowered in the medium dose and high dose ginsenoside Rb1 groups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The cerebral infarction volume was all shrunken in each ginsenoside Rb1 group, IL-1 beta positive cells in the brain tissue decreased, and IL-1 beta content in serum reduced (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). Compared with the low dose ginsenoside Rb1 group, integrals of neurologic defect degree decreased, the cerebral infarction volume shrunken, and IL-1 beta content in serum reduced in the high dose ginsenoside Rb1 group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Ginsenoside Rb1 (20, 40, 80 mg/kg) might effectively release local cerebral ischemia by down-regulating the IL-1 beta expression.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Brain , Metabolism , Brain Ischemia , Blood , Metabolism , Ginsenosides , Pharmacology , Interleukin-1beta , Metabolism , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Reperfusion Injury , Blood , MetabolismABSTRACT
A polyhistidine-tagged recombinant tegumental protein Schistosoma japonicum very lowdensity lipoprotein binding protein (SVLBP) from adult Schistosoma japonicum was expressed in Escherichia coli. The affinity purified rSVLBP was used to vaccinate mice. The worm numbers and egg deposition recovered from the livers and veins of the immunized mice were 33.5 percent and 47.6 percent less than that from control mice, respectively (p<0.05). There was also a marked increase in the antibody response in vaccinated mice: the titer of IgG1 and IgG2a, IgG2b in the vaccinated group was significantly higher than that in the controls (>1:6,400 in total IgG). In a comparison of the reactivity of sera from healthy individuals and patients with rSVLBP, recognition patterns against this parasite tegumental antigen varied among different groups of the individuals. Notably, the average titres of anti-rSVLBP antibody in sera from faecal egg-negative individuals was significantly higher than that in sera from the faecal egg-positives, which may be reflect SVLBP-specific protection. These results suggested that the parasite tegumental protein SVLBP was a promising candidate for further investigation as a vaccine antigen for use against Asian schistosomiasis.